The original collections stems originally from the Habsburgs, from insects to gemstones and minerals and pterodactyls, as well as taxidermy specimens of animals that are either extinct or threatened with extinction. 

One of the highlights of the collection is the 29,500 year-old and only eleven centimeter tall "Venus von Willendorf"

The buildings of The Natural History Museum and the Museum of Fine Arts ace each other and have identical exteriors. They were commissioned by Emperor Franz Joseph and were designed by the architects Gottfried Semper (1803 – 1879) and Carl Hasenauer  (1833 – 1894).

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